Written by Serous otitis media (SOM), also known as otitis media with effusion (OME), is a common ear infection in children. It occurs when fluid builds up in the middle ear space behind the eardrum. SOM is usually painless, but it can cause hearing loss and other problems.
Causes of SOM
SOM is most often caused by a blockage of the Eustachian tube, the tube that connects the middle ear to the back of the throat. The Eustachian tube helps to drain fluid from the middle ear and keep the air pressure equalized. When the Eustachian tube is blocked, fluid can build up in the middle ear and cause SOM.
Common causes of Eustachian tube blockage include:
- Allergic rhinitis
- Colds and other upper respiratory infections
- Enlarged adenoids
- Earwax buildup
- Cleft palate
- Down syndrome
Symptoms of SOM
The most common symptom of SOM is hearing loss. Children with SOM may also have difficulty understanding speech, especially in noisy environments. Other symptoms of SOM may include:
- Ear discomfort or pressure
- Fluid drainage from the ear
- Dizziness
- Ringing in the ear
- Ear infections
Treatment for SOM
SOM usually resolves on its own within a few weeks. However, some children may need treatment to help clear the fluid from the middle ear and prevent hearing loss. Treatment options for SOM include:
- Observation: Most cases of SOM resolve on their own without treatment. The doctor may recommend waiting and monitoring the child’s symptoms.
- Antibiotics: Antibiotics may be prescribed if the child has a fever or a concurrent ear infection.
- Decongestants: Decongestants may be prescribed to help reduce inflammation and swelling in the Eustachian tube.
- Allergy medications: Allergy medications may be prescribed if the child has allergic rhinitis.
- Ear tubes: Ear tubes are small tubes that are inserted into the eardrum to help drain fluid from the middle ear. Ear tubes are usually only recommended for children with persistent or recurrent SOM.
Preventing SOM
There is no surefire way to prevent SOM, but there are some things you can do to reduce your child’s risk, such as:
- Keeping your child’s vaccinations up to date
- Treating upper respiratory infections promptly
- Avoiding smoking around your child
- Keeping your child’s ears clean and dry
If you think your child may have SOM, it is important to see a doctor right away. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent hearing loss and other problems.