Written by A slipped disc, also known as a herniated disc, is a condition in which one of the discs in the spine bulges out or ruptures. The discs in the spine are made up of a soft, jelly-like center (nucleus pulposus) and a tough outer ring (annulus fibrosus). When the annulus fibrosus weakens, the nucleus pulposus can bulge out or rupture. This can put pressure on the nerves that run through the spine, causing pain, numbness, and weakness in the back, neck, arms, or legs.
The most common symptom of a slipped disc is pain in the back, neck, or limbs. The pain may be sharp or dull, and it may be worse with movement. Other symptoms may include:
- Numbness or tingling in the back, neck, arms, or legs
- Weakness in the back, neck, arms, or legs
- Muscle spasms
- Difficulty walking or moving
In some cases, a slipped disc can cause serious complications, such as:
- Cauda equina syndrome: This is a rare but serious condition that occurs when pressure from the slipped disc affects the nerves that control the bowel and bladder. Cauda equina syndrome requires immediate medical attention.
- Nerve root compression: This can cause pain, numbness, and weakness in the affected area.
- Spinal cord compression: This is a very serious condition that can lead to paralysis.
The underlying cause of a slipped disc is not always clear. However, there are a number of factors that can contribute to the condition, including:
- Age: The discs in the spine become weaker and more susceptible to injury as we age.
- Injury: A sudden or forceful movement, such as lifting a heavy object, can put stress on the discs and cause them to rupture.
- Degeneration: The discs in the spine can degenerate over time, making them more likely to rupture.
- Occupation: Certain occupations, such as those that involve lifting heavy objects or bending over frequently, can put stress on the discs and increase the risk of a slipped disc.
- Genetics: Some people may be more genetically predisposed to developing a slipped disc.
The diagnosis of a slipped disc is usually made based on a physical examination and medical history. The doctor may also order imaging tests, such as an X-ray, MRI, or CT scan, to confirm the diagnosis.
The treatment for a slipped disc depends on the severity of the symptoms. In most cases, conservative treatment, such as rest, physical therapy, and pain medication, is sufficient. However, in some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the slipped disc or relieve the pressure on the nerves.
The outlook for people with a slipped disc is generally good. Most people recover completely with conservative treatment. However, in some cases, the pain and other symptoms may persist or recur.
Here are some things you can do to help prevent a slipped disc:
- Stay active. Exercise helps to keep the discs in the spine healthy and strong.
- Lift heavy objects with proper technique. Bend your knees and keep your back straight when lifting.
- Avoid activities that put stress on your back, such as twisting or lifting heavy objects.
- Maintain a healthy weight. Excess weight can put stress on the discs in the spine.
- If you have a job that involves lifting heavy objects or bending over frequently, take breaks often and use proper lifting techniques.
If you are experiencing pain in your back, neck, or limbs, it is important to see a doctor to get a diagnosis and treatment.