Gastritis is inflammation of the stomach lining. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), excessive alcohol consumption, and smoking.

H. pylori is a spiral-shaped bacterium that can live in the stomach. It produces an enzyme called urease, which breaks down urea into ammonia. The ammonia neutralizes the stomach acid, creating a more hospitable environment for the bacteria to grow.

H. pylori infection is the most common cause of gastritis. It is estimated that about half of the world’s population is infected with H. pylori. Most people with H. pylori infection do not have any symptoms, but some people may experience abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and heartburn.

H. pylori infection can also increase the risk of developing stomach ulcers and stomach cancer.

The diagnosis of gastritis is usually made based on a patient’s symptoms and medical history. A blood test or breath test can be used to check for H. pylori infection. An endoscopy, which is a procedure in which a doctor inserts a thin tube with a camera into the stomach, can also be used to diagnose gastritis and look for signs of ulcers or cancer.

Treatment for gastritis depends on the cause. If H. pylori is the cause, then antibiotics are used to treat the infection. Other treatments for gastritis may include lifestyle changes, such as avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and taking medications to reduce stomach acid production.

In most cases, gastritis can be successfully treated. However, if the condition is not treated, it can lead to complications such as ulcers and cancer.

Here is a table summarizing the key differences between gastritis and H. pylori: