Written by Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body. They are made up of amino acids, which are joined together by peptide bonds. There are 20 different amino acids that can be combined to make a protein. The sequence of amino acids determines each protein’s unique 3-dimensional structure and its specific function.
Some of the important functions of proteins include:
- Building and repairing tissues: Proteins are the main building blocks of muscles, bones, skin, hair, and other tissues. They are also needed to repair damaged tissues.
- Enzymes: Proteins are enzymes, which are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body. Without enzymes, many chemical reactions would take place too slowly to sustain life.
- Hormones: Proteins are hormones, which are chemicals that regulate many bodily functions, such as growth, development, and metabolism.
- Antibodies: Proteins are antibodies, which are proteins that fight infection by binding to foreign substances, such as viruses and bacteria.
- Transport: Proteins are involved in the transport of substances within the body, such as nutrients, oxygen, and waste products.
- Structure: Proteins provide structure to cells and tissues. For example, collagen is a protein that gives strength and flexibility to bones, skin, and other tissues.
The recommended daily intake of protein for adults is 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight. However, some people may need more protein, such as athletes, pregnant women, and people with certain medical conditions.
Good sources of protein include animal products, such as meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and dairy products. Plant-based sources of protein include beans, lentils, nuts, and seeds.
Protein deficiency can lead to a variety of health problems, such as muscle loss, fatigue, and impaired immunity. If you are concerned that you may not be getting enough protein, talk to your doctor or a registered dietitian.
Here are some examples of proteins:
- Collagen: A protein that gives strength and flexibility to bones, skin, and other tissues.
- Hemoglobin: A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.
- Insulin: A protein hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels.
- Antibodies: Proteins that fight infection by binding to foreign substances, such as viruses and bacteria.
- Enzymes: Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body.
- Transport proteins: Proteins that transport substances within the body, such as nutrients, oxygen, and waste products.